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شاید پیش از برساختن مفهوم ناخودآگاه جمعی توسط یونگ و حتی تا همین چند سال قبل، مقایسه انسان مدرن امروزی و انسان بدوی دیروز بدون روایی و پایایی لازم تلقی می شد. انسان متکبر این چند صد سال گذشته به زعم اینکه توانسته بود راه خطایی که گذشتگان رفته بودند را کشف و اصلاح کند از جهان چیزی ساخت که بدیهی ترین محصول آن مرد و زن صنعتی و غایب از فضای خانواده بود. آنچه خانم باربارا دی آنجلیس در فصل چهارم کتاب رازهایی درباره زنان، (کاملا مترادف با ناخودآگاه جمعی در مکتب یونگ) آن را ناامنی تاریخی در ژرفای وجود زنان می نامند، در این فضا، به زنان مجالی داد تا این ناامنی تاریخی را که همیشه وابسته به اراده جامعه پدرسالار بوده و هست را زایل کنند. شاید بحث نمودن در همان صبحدم تاریخ به واسطه عدم آلودگی و اغوایی که نظام پدرسالار امروزی در شکل نوین خود به استثمار زنان بخشیده است قابل فهم تر باشد، چیزی که در ادامه تعقیب خواهد شد:
این ناامنی که مردان خواسته یا ناخواسته – در کنار هزار و یک عامل دیگر – در پیدایش آن از صبحدم تاریخ نقش موثر داشته اند، زنان را بر آن داشت که خود وارد میدان بازستانی عدالت و این استضعاف طولانی شوند. تا قبل از این دوران، زنان صراحتا، برای بقا به شکاری که مردان در دست داشتند متکی بودند. آنها در غارها می ماندند از بچه ها مراقبت می کردند و مردان با تبختر شکاری را که با به خطر انداختن جان خود بدست آورده بودند در میان خانواده تقسیم می کردند و به واسطه این نیاز همواره پدرسالاری از ارکان حقوق ناخودآگاه جمعی بشر قلمداد می شد. این قدرت تاریخی به مردان این قابلیت را می داد که زنان را کنترل کنند. هر جا که لازم می شد تا زن احتمالا عصیانگر – که متوجه شده بودند این قدرت شکار حق مضاعفی برای مردان ایجاد نمی کند- تحت کنترل درآورد، و با این حربه او باید بین امنیت یا عدالت یکی را انتخاب می نمود و این ناامنی معطوف به قدرت مردان همواره در روان تاریخی زنان حضور داشته است، حتی به صورت ناخودآگاه جمعی، و اگر متغیرهایی نیز در تجربه فردی زن همراه می شد به صورت ناخودآگاه فردی و یا خودآگاه این حقیقت را استخراج می کرد که زن باید بالاخره از این وضعیت ناامنی استضعافی رها شود.
در این مسیر زنان سنتی با بزرگ شدن پسرانشان و کسب توانایی شکار در مردی که ناامنی شوهر را نداشت تدریجا استقلال آنها به واسطه تسلطی که مادر بر پسر خود داشت بهتر تضمین می شد و آنها پسران خود را جایگزین شوهران خود می کردند و این فرار از عدم امنیت طبیعا دو عقده مهم (۱) را پدید می آورد. نظام پدرسالار با این جایگزینی که به صورت ناخودآگاه توسط مادران انجام می شد پسران خود را به عنوان رقیبان خود قلمداد می نمود، اقدام به حذف پسران خود می نمود (۲) و در واقعیت عدم تایید قریب به اتفاق پدران همین از هویت خالی شدن پسران را در بر دارد.
به واسطه این جنگ تصاحب امنیت:
همواره فرزندان پسر بر فرزندان دختر حتی توسط مادران نیز ترجیح داده می شدند،
همسران با مادران شوهران خود بر سر تصاحب این منبع قدرت رقابت می کردند،
پدران که روز به روز در مقایسه با پسران رشید خود ضعیف تر می شدند تلاش برای تضعیف روانی فرزندان خود می کردند
و پسران به واسطه این تحقیر و تضعیف بر این کوث می کوبیدند که از پدران خود که تنها موشهای بی ارزشی را شکار کرده اند تواناترند و به دستاوردهای ناچیز آنها انتقاد همیشگی دارند. (۳)
با همین ریشه یابی می توان جنگها، خونریزی، ناعدالتی ها و بسیاری از برگه های سیاه زندگی انسان بر روی زمین را تحلیل نمود اما آنچه بر آن شدم تا سطوری با محوریت موضوع روز جهانی زن بنگارم این بود که آیا به شکار رفتن زن ها (۴) – به تعبیر غیراستعاره ای! به سفر قهرمانی مردان رفتن زنان- در این سالها حال زنان را بهتر نموده است و آیا این فضا تیره و تار انسانی و جامعه انسانی از گذشته بهتر شده است یا خیر؟
با احترام به همه زنان، مادران و خواهران در ازل تا ابد تاریخ، تنها راهی که پیشنهاد می کنم که حال انسان امروزی از این که هست بهتر شود این است که به خاطر بیاوریم که این تفاوتها در توانایی و قابلیت ها برای چه بوده است و با به رسمیت نشمردن این تفاوتها به دلیل بر طرف نمودن عارضه ای که در ایجاد آن ما مردان از ازل تا ابد تاریخ مقصر بوده ایم، آیا حال زن امروزی از زنان نسلهای متاخر خود که بسیاری از آنها همین اکنون قابل دسترس هستند بهتر شده است؟ آیا به سفر قهرمانی مرد رفتن و بهتر از او بودن در تمامی عرصه ها توانسته حال زن امروزی را بهتر کند یا هرچه زن بیشتر دستاورد کسب نموده است، حفره هویت در او به شکل اغراق آمیزی بزرگ و بزرگتر می شود و از سوی دیگر اگر چه بر پله قهرمانی می ایستد اما با ونگ بچه ای همه دستاوردهایی که به دست آورده است به یک باره و با پرسش سهمگینِ ((که چی؟!)) فرو می ریزد و جامعه مدرن امروزی روز به روز از گذشته پدرسالار تر می شود و نه تنها آن ریشه تاریخی که موجب همه این ظلمها، انحرافها شده است از بین نمی رود بلکه از آنجا رانده و از اینجا مانده، تمام نمادهای با ارزش زنانه که باید حول قید مهم (( بودن )) استوار گردد بر ((شدن)) و ((داشتن)) – که ارزشهای مردانه است – تمرکز می یابد و این انحراف موجب می شود زندگی معنای اصیل خود را از دست بدهد و انسان متکبر امروزی از دست یافتن به هر گونه معنا، گرما، محبت، عشق، برابری و هر چیزی مهم زنانه ای که بدون آن زندگی پوچ و بی معنی است مایوس شود و برای اینکه شب بتواند حتی ناراحت بخوابد به کار افراطی، قرص، شراب و سکس های نامتعارف پناه بیاورد و این جمله طنز و البته با معنا می تواند حسن ختام این سطور باشد که: ((آیا این بود آرمانهای ما؟!!))
پی نوشت:
(۱) عقده مادرخواهی و عقده ادیپ. البته فروید ریشه این عقده را جنسی تلقی نموده است که با آن همدل نیستم.
(۲) رجوع کنید به داستان اسطوره ای کرونوس، زئوس که تا خلقت زمین (گایا) ادامه می یابد و که در همه این کهن الگوها به تواتر دیده می شود که خدایان نسل اول المپ (پدران) همه فرزاندان را می بلعیدند.
(۳) رجوع کنید به داستان قدیمی آفریقایی که در آن همین رقابت باعث می شود پدر پسر خود را با تبر بزند و پسر توسط رییس قبیله دیگری نجات می یابد و استعاره از پدرانی دارند که پسر به صورت اجتماعی جایگزین پدر بیولوژیک خود می کند تا بتواند بدون رقابت ناخودآگاهی که دارد تایید که همان حیات و هویت اوست را کسب نماید.
(۴) بسیاری از مفاهیم که در غرب بر اساس نیازی برساخته می شوند به صورت کاملا وارداتی در سپهر علوم مختلف و عموما علوم انسانی دیده می شوند به آن دلیل که نیاز اصیل آن در جامعه وجود ندارد به سان سالها گریه بر سر گوری می شود که مرده ای در آن نیست! در این مقال مفهوم فمینیسم نیز از این گروه خواهد بود.
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