هزینه–فایده کردن
همه ما از صبح که بیدار می شویم تا شب که سر به بالین می گذاریم محکوم به تصمیم گیری هستیم! حتی خود تصمیم نگرفتن و بلاتکیفی نیز یک تصمیم است. تصمیم گیری همواره با استرس همراه است اگرچه طبیعتاً میزان آن از فردی به فردی دیگری و از تصمیمی به تصمیمی دیگر مختلف است. وقتی تصمیم گیری را به سان تنفس آگاهانه درک می کنیم، برای آن تکنیک های می یابیم و با بکاربستن این آموزه ها تدریجا در می یابیم که می شود روز به روز در تصمیم گیری بهتر و بهتر شد و به جای غافلگیری، از نتیجه تصمیمات مشعوف شد!
یکی از مهمترین تکنیکهای تصمیم گیری #هزینه_فایده است. این مفهوم به سان بسیاری از مفاهیم وقتی در مقام تشریح واقع می شود هم بسیار بدیهی و هم بلامنازع همه با ضرورت آن همدلند اما پای عمل که به ﻣﻴﺎﻥ می آید و احساس، افسار منطق را می رباید، معمولاً مغفولش می گذاریم. در حکمت عامه، این مفهوم با ضرب المثل معروف: ((برای یه دستمال، قیصریه را به آتش نکشیدن)) توضیح داده می شود. هزینه-فایده کردن یعنی وقتی میخواهیم یک تصمیم را از ﻣﻴﺎﻥ دهها گزینه دیگر برگزینیم محاسبه کنیم که هزینه های مترتب بر آن تصمیم، آیا بر فایده ای که از آن منتج می شود برتر است یا خیر! و آیا این تصمیم با فایده ترین تصمیم هست یا خیر! نکته حائز اهمیت این است که منظور از هزینه و فایده تنها هزینه ها و فایده های مشهود نیست! یک تصمیم گیرنده مؤثر به تجربه آموخته است که هرچه در جمع آوری سناریوهای گوناگون و هزینه و فایده های مشهود و نامشهود در کنار هم موفقتر باشد، إقبال بیشتری برای اتخاد یک تصمیم مؤثر با بیشترین فایده و کمترین هزینه و پیامدهای رضایتبخش بعدی خواهد یافت. در خود هزینه-فایده کردن نیز باید با هزینه-فایده همراه باشد، یعنی در سناریو سازی و جمع آوری شاخص ها و معیارها هم باید جانب اعتدال را رعایت کرد، نه خیلی زود عمل کرد و نه خیلی دیر! نباید نگران بود دشواری کمی کردن هزینه ها و فایده های مشهود و خصوصاً نامشهود به مرور زمان ساده تر می شود.
این روش می تواند به کار یک تصمیم ساده مثل تصمیم برای پاسخ دادن یا ندادن به بی احترامی یک رهگذر تا تدوین استراتژی یک هلدینگ چند هزار میلیاردی بیاید به شرط آنکه توضیحات ساده ای که گذشت به جان روش شناسی تصمیم گیری ما نشسته باشد.
I simply want to tell you that I am newbie to blogging and site-building and seriously liked this blog site. Likely I’m want to bookmark your blog post . You amazingly have perfect article content. With thanks for sharing with us your blog.
I just want to tell you that I am newbie to blogging and site-building and honestly liked this web-site. Most likely I’m want to bookmark your blog post . You actually come with good articles and reviews. Thanks for revealing your website.
Best view i have ever seen !
I have been absent for a while, but now I remember why I used to love this web site. Thanks, I’ll try and check back more often. How frequently you update your website?
Real Estate Agent houses for sale selling your home
Thank you, I’ve just been looking for information about this topic for a while and yours is the best I have discovered till now. But, what about the bottom line? Are you positive in regards to the source?
I truly appreciate this post. I have been looking all over for this! Thank goodness I found it on Bing. You’ve made my day! Thx again
Hello, Neat post. There’s an issue along with your website in web explorer, might check this… IE nonetheless is the market chief and a good element of folks will leave out your wonderful writing due to this problem.
Thanks , I have just been looking for info about this topic for a while and yours is the greatest I’ve came upon till now. However, what concerning the conclusion? Are you positive about the supply?
Parties can be challenging to put together. Especially during the Halloween season. So how can you make the perfect party no matter the season or your theme?
most american restaurants serves fatty foods that is why sometimes i avoid them;;
crafts for kids
Parties can be challenging to put together. Especially during the Halloween season. So how can you make the perfect party no matter the season or your theme
Hello! I know this is kind of off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could get a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having problems finding one? Thanks a lot!
Thank you, I’ve just been looking for information about this topic for ages and yours is the best I’ve discovered till now. But, what about the bottom line? Are you sure about the source?
What a stimulating surprise your comments are. I recognized this should be here yet I ultimately became lucky and the search phrases worked. Without having this information and facts I could not make a decision.
seksi chat, chat, seuraa jokaiselle, panotreffit
bike racks could really help you secure your bike when you leave it ,
Tampa video production Tampa marketing
Wow! This could be one particular of the most useful blogs We have ever arrive across on this subject. Basically Great. I’m also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort.
Chat for FREE on CamsPrive and watch HD Live Sex cam shows! 2000+ Models are waiting for You
On this very topic, I try update my blogs almost like I’m speaking to somebody or talking to that reader directly as I consider it helps engage people a lot more than writing content formally especially when my own blog is based around the goings ons, daily thoughts and research about this somewhat controversial concern. I discovered that I nonetheless need to use more of the methods you have mentioned in this posting.
MadcoW makes high end handmade custom leather dog collars with a lifetime warranty.
Thank you for the good writeup. It in reality was once a leisure account it. Look complex to far brought agreeable from you! By the way, how could we communicate?
Hi my friend! I wish to say that this post is awesome, nice written and come with approximately all vital infos. I’d like to look extra posts like this .
Great write-up, I am regular visitor of one’s site, maintain up the nice operate, and It’s going to be a regular visitor for a lengthy time.
Thank you, I’ve just been searching for info approximately this topic for ages and yours is the greatest I have came upon so far. However, what about the bottom line? Are you positive concerning the source?
ilmaiset videot, ilmaiset pornovideot, ilmaiset porno videot, porno video, porno videot
I conceive you have observed some very interesting points , appreciate it for the post.
seksi chat, chat, seuraa jokaiselle, panotreffit
I¡¦ve been exploring for a little bit for any high quality articles or blog posts in this kind of house . Exploring in Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this website. Studying this info So i am satisfied to express that I have a very just right uncanny feeling I found out exactly what I needed. I such a lot undoubtedly will make sure to do not disregard this site and give it a look on a relentless basis.
I do believe all of the ideas you’ve offered for your post. They’re really convincing and will certainly work. Still, the posts are very brief for beginners. May just you please prolong them a little from next time? Thank you for the post.
Thanks for your helpful article. One other problem is that mesothelioma is generally attributable to the breathing of material from asbestos fiber, which is a very toxic material. It’s commonly seen among personnel in the structure industry who’ve long experience of asbestos. It can also be caused by moving into asbestos covered buildings for years of time, Your age plays a huge role, and some individuals are more vulnerable to the risk compared to others.
I am continuously invstigating online for ideas that can assist me. Thx!
Get help to stop drinking. Helping women quit drinking alcohol. Coach Mary Wagstaff. Feel better, mind, body and soul. Mindfulness based coaching and alcohol recovery. Yoga for recovery.
Fantastic items from you, man. I’ve have in mind your stuff previous to and you’re just extremely fantastic. I really like what you have obtained here, really like what you are stating and the way wherein you are saying it. You make it enjoyable and you still take care of to keep it wise. I cant wait to learn far more from you. This is actually a great website.
With everything that seems to be building inside this particular area, many of your perspectives are generally fairly stimulating. On the other hand, I beg your pardon, because I can not give credence to your whole strategy, all be it exciting none the less. It looks to everyone that your remarks are actually not completely rationalized and in reality you are generally your self not totally convinced of your assertion. In any event I did appreciate reading it.
Hello! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and tell you I genuinely enjoy reading your articles. Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that go over the same subjects? Thanks!
above ground storm shelters for sale near me cheap storm shelter above ground storm shelters in ground storm shelters
I savour, result in I discovered just what I was having a look for. You’ve ended my 4 day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a great day. Bye
Of course, what a splendid blog and instructive posts, I definitely will bookmark your website.Best Regards!
Great weblog here! Additionally your site rather a lot up very fast! What web host are you the use of? Can I get your associate link to your host? I wish my site loaded up as fast as yours lol
magnificent points altogether, you simply gained a new reader. What would you recommend in regards to your post that you made some days ago? Any positive?
diy kids craftdiy kids kids craft
I have been absent for some time, but now I remember why I used to love this blog. Thank you, I will try and check back more frequently. How frequently you update your web site?
Thank you for another fantastic post. Where else could anyone get that kind of information in such an ideal way of writing? I have a presentation next week, and I’m on the look for such information.
obviously like your web site however you have to test the spelling on several of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling problems and I to find it very bothersome to tell the truth on the other hand I will surely come again again.
fresh mushroom
We are Daylight Studio, a boutique photography studio in East London available for hire. We are a creative natural light studio space with decorated French walls, lots of props and furniture and massive windows for great natural light. He have a unique selection of chairs, fabric backgrounds and a sofa for your next natural light photography project. The studio is great for fashion, portrait and commercial photography and if natural light photography studio is not your thing we have a lot of lighting equipment available for you as well and that includes studio strobe lights with various modifiers and LED constant lights for video production. We also have facilities for e-commerce photography. Please see the studio’s gallery here.
I am always looking online for articles that can assist me. Thx!
I gotta favorite this internet site it seems invaluable invaluable
Pornos Travestis
Hey! I know this is kind of off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could locate a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having difficulty finding one? Thanks a lot!
video production Tampa videographer Tampa Video Production Florida Tampa Video product
Very great post. I simply stumbled upon your blog and wished to mention that I’ve truly enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I will be subscribing on your feed and I hope you write again very soon!
Some really great content on this internet site , regards for contribution.
A person essentially lend a hand to make significantly posts I’d state. That is the very first time I frequented your web page and so far? I surprised with the research you made to make this particular put up incredible. Wonderful activity!
Hello. magnificent job. I did not anticipate this. This is a impressive story. Thanks!
I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was good. I don’t know who you are but certainly you’re going to a famous blogger if you are not already 😉 Cheers!
I am really enjoying the theme/design of your website. Do you ever run into any internet browser compatibility problems? A few of my blog readers have complained about my site not working correctly in Explorer but looks great in Chrome. Do you have any solutions to help fix this issue?
Superb blog! Do you have any tips and hints for aspiring writers? I’m hoping to start my own site soon but I’m a little lost on everything. Would you recommend starting with a free platform like Wordpress or go for a paid option? There are so many options out there that I’m totally confused .. Any tips? Thanks a lot!
I was very happy to find this net-site.I wished to thanks on your time for this excellent learn!! I undoubtedly enjoying each little bit of it and I’ve you bookmarked to take a look at new stuff you blog post.
Yet another thing I would like to express is that in lieu of trying to accommodate all your online degree classes on days and nights that you end work (as most people are worn out when they get back), try to arrange most of your classes on the week-ends and only a few courses in weekdays, even if it means taking some time away from your weekend break. This is really good because on the week-ends, you will be much more rested in addition to concentrated for school work. Thx for the different points I have learned from your site.
Hello there! Do you know if they make any plugins to protect against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any recommendations?
Some truly good information, Gladiolus I found this. “I try to avoid looking forward or backward, and try to keep looking upward.” by Charlotte Bronte.
Whats Happening i am new to this, I stumbled upon this I have found It absolutely helpful and it has aided me out loads. I am hoping to contribute & assist other users like its helped me. Good job.
Great – I should certainly pronounce, impressed with your web site. I had no trouble navigating through all the tabs and related information ended up being truly easy to do to access. I recently found what I hoped for before you know it at all. Reasonably unusual. Is likely to appreciate it for those who add forums or something, site theme . a tones way for your client to communicate. Nice task.
you are actually a just right webmaster. The site loading pace is incredible. It seems that you’re doing any distinctive trick. Furthermore, The contents are masterpiece. you’ve done a excellent activity in this topic!
Thanks for sharing superb informations. Your web-site is very cool. I’m impressed by the details that you’ve on this website. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for extra articles. You, my pal, ROCK! I found just the information I already searched all over the place and simply couldn’t come across. What a perfect web site.
Mr fog Max Mr fog Max PRO Air Bar Disposable Cali Air Disposable
I’m still learning from you, while I’m making my way to the top as well. I absolutely liked reading all that is written on your site.Keep the tips coming. I enjoyed it!
Thanks so much for providing individuals with an extraordinarily terrific possiblity to read critical reviews from this blog. It really is very pleasing and as well , packed with fun for me and my office colleagues to search your website on the least three times in 7 days to see the latest stuff you will have. And of course, I am actually impressed for the astounding points you serve. Selected two areas in this article are in reality the finest I have had.
I have learn several just right stuff here. Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how so much attempt you set to make such a wonderful informative website.
One thing is the fact one of the most common incentives for utilizing your credit cards is a cash-back or even rebate provision. Generally, you’ll receive 1-5 back upon various buying. Depending on the credit card, you may get 1 back again on most acquisitions, and 5 back again on expenses made going to convenience stores, gas stations, grocery stores and also ‘member merchants’.
Hmm it seems like your blog ate my first comment (it was extremely long) so I guess I’ll just sum it up what I wrote and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog. I as well am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new to the whole thing. Do you have any recommendations for beginner blog writers? I’d definitely appreciate it.
I don’t even understand how I finished up here, but I believed this post was once great. I don’t recognise who you’re however certainly you’re going to a well-known blogger when you aren’t already 😉 Cheers!
Usually I don’t learn article on blogs, however I would like to say that this write-up very pressured me to take a look at and do it! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thank you, very nice post.
certainly like your web-site however you have to take a look at the spelling on quite a few of your posts. Many of them are rife with spelling issues and I in finding it very troublesome to tell the reality on the other hand I¡¦ll surely come again again.
My brother suggested I might like this website. He was totally right. This post actually made my day. You cann’t believe simply how much time I had spent for this information! Thank you!
Howdy very cool site!! Guy .. Beautiful .. Wonderful .. I’ll bookmark your blog and take the feeds also¡KI am satisfied to seek out a lot of helpful information here within the put up, we want develop more techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .
Its like you read my mind! You appear to know a lot about this, like you wrote the book in it or something. I think that you could do with some pics to drive the message home a little bit, but other than that, this is magnificent blog. An excellent read. I’ll definitely be back.
I gotta favorite this site it seems very helpful extremely helpful
It’s a shame you don’t have a donate button! I’d definitely donate to this fantastic blog! I suppose for now i’ll settle for book-marking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account. I look forward to new updates and will talk about this website with my Facebook group. Chat soon!
Keep functioning ,great job!