
یکربع از قرارمان گذشته است. به او زنگ میزنم و زمان رسیدنش را میپرسم. او با خندهای که مثل جرقهای بر انبار باروت خشمگینم میکند میگوید نگران نباشید سالمیم و تا یک ساعت دیگر میرسیم! حکایت فقط این مورد نبود. پایبندی به عهد و پیمان کسی که چند ماه قبل برای کابینتها آمده بود و هم کسی که چند ماه بعد برای ساختن کمدها آمد کموبیش برهمین منوال بود. این بدعهدیها چه در موضوع توافقات و چه در زمان اجرا و تحویل و چه در کیفیت کار گویی به یک امر علیحده مبدل شده است. این امور مرا به یاد گزارش دادگاه آدولف آیشمان از #هانا_آرنت در کتاب آیشمان در اورشلیم انداخت. او برای جنایات هولناکی که با توجیه انجام وظیفه توسط آدمهای نهچندان عجیب و غریب انجام شده بود مفهوم ابتذال امر شر را برساخت. من نیز برای بیاعتنایی عمومیمان به عهدهایمان مفهوم پیشپاافتادگی منکر را وضع کردم.
منکر را اعم از معنای دینی آن و متضمن هر امر غیراخلاقی و غیرقانونی اراده کردم و علیرغم همه سوگیریهای احتمالی مترتب بر آن واژهی جایگزین بهترین برای آن نیافتم.
در ادامه به اختصار این مفهوم را شرح میکنم.
فرقی نمیکند خیاط و نجار و لولهکش و ساختمانساز، کمسواد دکتر یا مهندس یا با ادعای اخلاق یا مذهب باشد یا ادعاهای دیگری داشته باشیم! شوربختانه قریب به اتفاقمان به پیمانهایمان و حقوق طرف مقابلمان وقعی نمینهیم و از آن بدتر اینکه از این کارمان هیچ تکان که چه عرض کنم حتی لغزشی در وجدانمان ایجاد نمیشود. قریب به اتفاق جلسات با تاخیر شروع میشود و معدود افرادی که به موقع حضور بهم میرسانند با دیر آغاز شدن جلسات تنبیه میشوند! رانندگانی که شمارشان کم نیست به فرض زرنگی هرجور که شده از دیگرانی که میکوشند برای چند دقیقه زودتر رسیدن دست به هرکاری نزنند سبقت میگیرند و با ایجاد ترافیک بیمورد آنها را تنبیه کنند!
اینها و بسی بیش از این مثالها را من و شما به هر کدام از دو طایفه که تعلق داشته باشیم پیش چشم داریم اما آنقدر به آنها عادت کردیم که دیگر حساسیتمان را به آنها از دست دادهایم. مثل: آلودگیهوا، ترافیک سرسامآور، بخشفراوانی از عمرمان که فقط به دلیل حضور در شهرهای بزرگ کوتاه میشود، دروغهایی که به سادگی به یکدیگر میگوییم، بوی تعفن فساد و فحشایی که در اطرافمان هست و هزاران منکری که مثل نقل و نبات رخ میدهد. کار به جایی رسیده که اصل برائت کاملا وارونه شده است. همه دروغگو، فریبکار و … هستند مگر عکس آن ثابت شود! این یعنی مثلا برای سادهترین ادعاها باید دهها صفحه سند و مدرک ارایه شود. روشی که در بسیاری از کشورها به گونه عکس عملمیشود! یعنی ادعاهای شما صحیح فرض میشود اما اگر معلوم شود که قصد تقلب داشتهاید بهگونهای با آن برخورد میشود که ابتدا به ساکن باورش برای ما دشوار مینماید! من نام این وضعیت را با وام گرفتن مفهوم ابتذال شر هاناآرنت، (۳)پیشپاافتادگی منکر میگذارم و مرادم همین وضعی است که داریم! وضعی که همهچیز برای ما عادی شده و به هیچ چیز حساسیت نداریم! هیچ چیز
پینوشت:
(۱) بسیار کوشیدم با توجه به اسراف در استفاده از دو مفهوم عمیق معروف و منکر، واژهی دیگر برگزینم اما دهها عبارتی که برساختم حق مطلب را چندان که باید ادانمیکرد. منکر بدان دلیل بدین اعمال اطلاق میشد که در میان ما آنقدر ظهور و بروز حداقلی داشت که کسی آن را نمیشناخت. شبیه مثال معروفی که قدیمترها ضمانت کسی را با یک تار سبیل میکردند! چیزی که امروز به خنده وادارمان میکند!
(۲) انگیزه نوشتن این سطور بدقولیهای مکرری است که از چند سرویسدهنده در اصناف مختلف در طول این مدت در خانه گرفتم و از آن بدتر اتهام به سختگیری از سوی این عزیزان است!
(۳) کانت سه قرن قبل در اثنای نگارش کتاب دورانساز بنیاد مابعدالطبیعه اخلاق (۱۷۸۵) و قاعده زرین خود با این مضمون: ((تنها طبق قاعدهای عمل کن که در عین حال اراده کنی قانونی عام شود!)) میکوشید با پایمردی و بدون مراجعه به جهان خارج نشاندهد که مبدل شدن امور غیراخلاقی به یک قانون عام متضمن تناقض است. او یکی از مثالهایی که برای توضیح بیشتر این اصل ذکر میکرد دروغ بود و نشان میداد که اگر دروغگویی به یک اصل عام تبدیل شود در اینصورت دیگر کسی دروغ کسی را باور نمیکند و چون تحقق مطلق این امر ممکن نیست پس عقلا و بدون مراجعه به جهان خارج، مبدل شدن دروغگویی به یک قانون عام محال است!
به نظر من اگر او مانند هانا آرنت چند قرن بعدتر متولد میشد و از کورههای آدمسوزی جان سالم به در میبرد تئوری انضمامیتری اقامهمیکرد و درمییافت که تصویر این بانو از انسانهای معمولی که به سادگی جنایاتی در حد نسلکشی مرتکب میشوند و ابتذال شر در کتاب آیشمان در اورشلیم (۱۹۶۳) بیشتر شبیه ماست. در جامعه اینجا و اکنون ما آنقدر منکر پیشپاافتاده است که مثلا وقتی در مقابل تاخیر کسی برمیآشفی با تو به گونهای رفتار و تخاطب میکند که گویی یک UFO ? در میدان آزادی عکس میگیرد! به زعم من، ما حتی از پیشپاافتادگی منکر هم عبور کردیم و این روزها که در آن به سر میبریم روزگار جایگزینی معروف و منکر است.
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