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نعیم ابراهیمیان، مدیر تامین محصولات غیرخوراکی یکی از فروشگاه های زنجیره ای کشور، در گفت وگو با «شرق»، به تشریح اتفاقی که در زمینه گرانی پوشک افتاده پرداخته، در پاسخ به این سوال که آیا ایران نمی تواند مواد سلولزی تولید کند، گفت: ما مشکلی در تولید پوشک و نواربهداشتی نداریم و تولیدات کاملا داخلی است. بگذارید درباره این ماجرا توضیح مختصری بدهم: وضعیت پوشک از نواربهداشتی جدی تر است؛ جدی تر از این منظر که هم پرفروش تر است و هم گران تر. من از برند پوشک مولفیکس سایز چهار برایتان مثال می زنم که پرفروش ترین برند پوشک ایران است. این پوشک در ایران تولید می شود اما ۷۰ درصد از مواد اولیه تولید این محصول، خارجی است. قیمت ها و تاریخ ها را برایتان با مثال می گویم پوشک مولفیکس تا دی ماه ۹۶ قیمتی حدود ۳۵ هزار تومان داشت، یک بسته ۴۰عددی مولفیکس ۴۵ هزار و ۲۰۰ تومان بود. اتفاقی که در دی ماه افتاد این بود که پوشک مولفیکس از گمرک واردات معاف بود و این معافیت از زمان احمدی نژاد که گمرک مالیاتی برای مواد اولیه پوشک نمی گرفت، به یکباره برداشته شد. در برج ۱۰، هفت درصد مالیات به پوشک اضافه شد و قیمت کالا هم هفت درصد افزایش داشت و به حدود ۳۸ هزار تومان رسید. اتفاق دیگر این بود که مثل همیشه اواخر سال به اندازه ای که دولت حقوق را بالا می برد و روی قیمت اجناس هم تاثیر می گذارد، حدود ۱۸ درصد قیمت پوشک افزایش پیدا کرد و به ۴۵ هزار تومان رسید. این افزایش قیمت تا اینجا عادی بود. اما در ماه های دوم، سوم و چهارم سال جدید که بحران ارزی شروع شد، قیمت ارز دولتی حدود ۱۵ درصد افزایش پیدا کرد و آنجا قیمت پوشک به ۵۳ هزار تومان رسید. یعنی در واقع ما دو افزایش قیمت ۱۷-۱۸درصدی در کمتر از پنج ماه داشتیم. اتفاق بدتر این بود که دولت دلار چهارهزارو ۲۰۰تومانی را به مواد اولیه پوشک و مواد سلولزی اختصاص نداد و با توجه به اینکه ۷۰ درصد مواد اولیه پوشک حتی برای اجناس کم کیفیت، خارجی است، اینجا حدود ۶۰ درصد افزایش قیمت داشتیم. یعنی پوشک از ۵۳ هزار تومان به ۸۵ هزار تومان رسید که الان هم با همین قیمت در دسترس است.وی در ادامه افزود: مسئله ما تولید پوشک نیست، من با تامین کننده ها حرف زدم و ایراد آنها این بود که اجازه ترخیص اجناس به آنها داده نمی شود؛ یعنی مولفیکس و دیگر برندها واردات را انجام داده بودند، اما چون دولت نمی خواست به آنها دلار تخصیص دهد اجازه واردات نمی داد. اینجا بود که کالا کمبود پیدا کرد. مسئله پوشک برای مردم بسیار جدی است و معمولا کسی پوشک را روزانه نمی خرد و معمولا مردم پوشک را برای دو، سه ماه ذخیره می کنند و این کالا چون کالای گرانی است یک جا خرید می کنند. در چنین شرایطی که عرضه و تقاضا دچار مشکل می شود مردم احساس نگرانی می کنند و خرید را زیاد می کنند و با بالارفتن تقاضا، عرضه به مشکل می خورد و این شائبه نبودن پوشک باعث به هم خوردن تقاضا می شود و نوسانات عرضه و تقاضا شائبه ها را بیشتر می کند و به صورت کلی و به خودی خود افراد سودجو هم همیشه وجود دارند و ممکن است با احتکار پوشک نوسانات را بیشتر کنند.
ابراهیمیان در پاسخ به این سوال که آیا قیمت پوشک به شرایط عادی بازخواهد گشت، گفت: امکان ندارد و اگر قیمت ارز دولتی باز هم بالا برود، ما باز روی همین ۸۵ هزار تومان هم جهش خواهیم داشت. مگر بتوانند قیمت دلار را کنترل کنند. اثر اجتماعی این اتفاق به خوبی حس می شود. برای کسانی که بچه دارند، تقریبا هر خانواده اگر هفته ای یک بسته پوشک مصرف کند، می شود چهار بسته در ماه و ماهانه حدود ۴۰۰ هزارتومان هزینه پوشک بچه یا بزرگ سال خواهد شد و شما فرض کنید در خانواده ای با درآمد ماهانه دومیلیون تومان، ۴۰۰ هزارتومان چقدر عدد بزرگی است. پوشک کالایی است که حساس به قیمت است و مردم به شدت از آن تاثیر می پذیرند، حتی عده زیادی از مردم گرانی و ارزانی کالاها را با پوشک می سنجند. مردم به قیمت پوشک حساس اند، توجه داشته باشید نواربهداشتی کالای ارزان تری است. درست است که مصرف نواربهداشتی بیشتر است، اما چون نواربهداشتی ارزان تر است خیلی حس نمی شود و تحت تاثیر قرار نمی گیرد، اما افزایش قیمت و درصدش شبیه آن است.این کارشناس در پایان اضافه کرد: کالای سلولزی کالای پرتخفیفی است، چون درخواستش زیاد است. سال گذشته که تولیدکنندگان درخواست افزایش قیمت کردند دولت قبول نکرد و گفت به جای افزایش قیمت، تخفیف ها را کم کنید. اتفاقی که افتاد، ما مجبور شدیم تخفیف را کم کنیم و من با قاطعیت می گویم با این اتفاق مصرف تمام مواد سلولزی مثل تیشو، دستمال توالت و دستمال کاغذی به شدت کاهش پیدا کرد. ایرج حریرچی، سخنگوی سازمان غذا و دارو، نیز در نشست هفتگی خود با خبرنگاران در مورد قیمت های بالا و کمبود پوشک در داروخانه ها عنوان کرد: این موضوع ارتباط مستقیمی با وزارت بهداشت ندارد، اما جلسه ای با سازمان غذا و دارو در این رابطه برگزار و اعلام آمادگی کردیم در تفاهم نامه ای با وزارت صنعت و معدن و تجارت برای تهیه و تامین پوشک اقدام کنیم. ما نمی توانیم در حوزه تولید و توزیع اقلام دیگر، از جمله پوشک ورود کنیم، اما تلاش می کنیم زمینه حل مشکل واردات مواد اولیه از گمرک را فراهم کنیم.
لینک مقاله در روزنامهی شرق:
https://www.magiran.com/article/3800959
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